Digitalisation (數字化) vs Digitisation (數碼化)
- 數字化（Digitalisation）是利用數字改善業務流程的過程。（更重要）
- 數碼化（Digitisation）是將信息從物理格式轉換為數字格式的過程。
Digital Document vs Digital Information
- Information enriches a document. Document contains many information.
- Document contains production process and periodicity. Information doesn’t contain these contents.
為什麽建造業需要數字化？ 建造業面臨的挑戰
- 覆雜性/規模 Complexity / Scale
- 工期緊張 Tight Programme
- 技術要求高 Technical Demanding
- 團隊龐大 Large Team
- 海量信息 Vast amount of information
- 數據驅動決策 Data-Driven Decision Making
BIM Concept
- BIM is a journey (Process), not a destination (End-product).
BIM Value (From PAS 1192): Project Information Model (PIM) + Asset Information Model (AIM)
Process:
信息管理 (Information management) -> 協同工作 (Collaborative working) -> 圖形和數據模型 (Graphical and data models ) -> 資產數據 (Asset data)
**************************************************************************
Note: Information below from ChatGPT (AI)
BIM的價值：
- 增強協作：BIM促進了項目各方之間的無縫協作。它整合了建築、結構和MEP（機械、電氣、管道）模型，使團隊能夠高效協同工作。
- 改善決策：BIM提供了項目的整體視圖，有助於在整個生命周期內做出明智的決策。從設計到施工和維護，利益相關者可以分析數據並優化流程。
- 成本和時間效率：BIM減少了返工，減少了沖突，並優化了施工流程。它有助於準確估算成本並增強項目進度安排。
- 視覺呈現：BIM生成3D模型，使客戶、承包商和設計師更容易地可視化最終產品。
BIM的局限性：
- 覆雜的實施：采用BIM需要轉變思維方式和工作流程。組織必須投資於培訓、軟件和硬件升級。
- 數據質量和一致性：BIM依賴於準確的數據。不完整或不一致的信息可能導致錯誤。
- 互操作性挑戰：在不同軟件平台之間集成BIM模型可能具有挑戰性。標準化至關重要。
- 法律和合同問題：BIM合同需要明確定義責任、知識產權和責任。
BIM的挑戰：
- 交易性業務流程演變：BIM顛覆了傳統工作流程。組織必須調整其流程，以有效利用BIM。
- 數字設計信息的可計算性：確保各種BIM工具和平台之間無縫數據交換仍然是一個挑戰。
- 有意義的數據互操作性：BIM模型應與其他系統（例如設施管理軟件）無縫通信。
- 客戶需求和認知：雖然大型項目采用了BIM，但較小的項目通常缺乏客戶對其實施的需求 。
未來十年BIM的展望：
- 廣泛采用：BIM將成為全球標準實踐，受到政府法規、行業認知和技術進步的推動。
- 高級人工智能整合：BIM將融合人工智能，用於預測分析、優化和自動化決策。
- 物聯網和智能城市：BIM將與物聯網集成，實時監控和維護智能建築和基礎設施。
- 全生命周期管理：BIM的焦點將從設計和施工延伸到高效運營、維護和最終報廢的資產。
Note: Information above from ChatGPT (AI)
**************************************************************************
HK & Global Context, BIM Standards & Guidelines
U.S. BIM Standard
- National BIM Standard -United States
- BIM Level 0 (1990) to Level 3 (2020)
UK BIM Adoption Strategy
- Since 4th Apr 2016, BIM Level 2 is mandatory in government projects in the UK.
- BIM Level 2:
- A fully co-ordinated design model (and an as-built digital representation)
- A COBie (Construction Operations Building information exchange) database.
- Drawings (and Existing Deliverables).
- Government Soft Landings
- BIM Level 2 Summary:
- BS 1192:2007 Collaborative production of architectural, engineering and construction information - code of practice (+A2:2016)
- PAS 1192-2:2013 Specification for information management for the capital/delivery phase of construction projects using building information modelling
- PAS 1192-3:2014 Specification for information management for the operational phase of assets using building information modelling
- BS 1192-4:2014 Collaborative production of information - Fulfilling employers information exchange requirements using COBie. Code of practice
- PAS 1192-5:2015 Specification for security-minded building information modelling, digital built environments and smart asset management
- BS 8536-2:2016 Briefing for design and construction - Code of practice for asset management (Linear and geographical infrastructure)
- Digital Plan of Works (DPoW)
- Classification
- CIC Commercial Suite
Hong Kong: Roadmap of BIM implementation in HK
- 'Roadmap for BIM Strategic Implementation in Hong Kong’s Construction Industry' is published in 2014
- Standard from HKHA (BIM standard manual, user guide, library components design guide and reference, project execution guide)
- Standard from CIC
- BD, DSD, WSD, ArchSD, CLP....
BIM Policy in HK
- The enhancement of BIM workflow, requirements for adoption of Common Data Environment (CDE), BIM data harmonization and information security of project data are included.
- Extends the scope of mandatory BIM uses and CCBC fulfils the requirements of a BIM Coordinator
- Extends the scope of mandatory BIM uses and CCBM fulfils the requirements of a BIM Team Leader
- Revises the scope of mandatory BIM uses
- Mandate of BIM Use for Government Project
- BIM forum LOD Specification
- OpenBIM Data Exchange Standard
- Importance of OPENBIM
Global BIM Standards
- BS ISO 55000: Asset management (PAS 55-2 & PAS 1192-3)
- ISO 9001: Quality management systems - Requirements (PAS 1192-2)
- ISO 19650: International BIM Standardisation
- ISO 19650-1 BIM Concepts and principles (based on BS 1192) (Anticipated Nov 2018)
- ISO 19650-2 BIM Delivery phase of assets (based on PAS 1192-2) (Anticipated Nov 2018) "
- ISO 19650-3 Operational phase of assets (based on PAS 1192-3) (Anticipated 2020)
- ISO 19650-5 Security-minded approach to information management (based on PAS 1192-5) (Anticipated 2020)
A - Start of delivery phase - transfer of relevant information from AIM to PIMB - Progress development of the design intent model into the virtual construction modelC - End of delivery phase - transfer of relevant information from PIM to AIM
Figure - Generic project and asset information management life cycle ISO 19650-1:2018(E)
Digital Information Management
A Perspective on Stages of Maturity of Analogue and Digital Information
- Business layer
- Information layer
- Technology layer
- Standards layer
Hierarchy of Level Information Requirements
- Organisational Level - Organisational Information Requirements (OIR)
- Asset Level - Asset Information Requirements (AIR) -> Asset Information Model (AIM)
- Project Level - Employer’s Information Requirements (EIR) -> Project Information Model (PIM)
Information Delivery Cycle
Value of BIM Through-life
- Stage 0 - Business case The Why? - OIR, AIR
- Stage 1 - Brief - The How? - EIR
- Stage 2 - Early design benefits and coordination - PIR
- Stage 3 - Develop design/review BIM (PIM), better understanding of project
- Stage 4 - Tech design materials and construction coordination
- Stage 5 - Construction progress. Info gathering. Record progress
- Stage 6 - Review BIM (AIM): client review as built
- Stage 7 - Occupancy data. Collate info intelligently
Limitations of BIM Software
Industry Foundation Class (IFC)
- are the open and neutral data format for openBIM.
- sharing information between different project team members and across software applications that are commonly used for design, construction, procurement, maintenance and operations.
- registered by ISO as ISO/PAS 16739 and is currently in the process of becoming an official International Standard ISO/IS 16739.
- open, neutral and standardized specification for Building Information Models.
BIM Collaboration Format (BCF)
- WhatsApp of BIM
- Transferring XML formatted data
- Send markup models, comments, tasks, attachments, screenshots from the model presenting the problem between all project members.
Construction Operations Building Information Exchange (COBie)
- COBie is an information exchange specification
- Deliver asset data as distinct from geometric information
- In Jan 2019, UK National Annex within BS EN ISO 19650-2 states that non-geometric information exchanges in open data formats should be structured to COBie format.
- No technology limitation
- Can be exchanged by "Excel"!
The Role of Professional Engineers in BIM
- Delivery of Information
- Information Originator
- BIM ≠ 3D CAD Drafting
- BIM is a 3D model contains Professional Information
- Professional Information is generated by Professionals (e.g. engineers)
- Professional Engineers are Information Originators of Engineering Works
- Technicians/BIM modellers input Professional Information to BIM and enable users to get the Information out from BIM to use
- Information Owner
- Information Owner can change from time-to-time when the Information Container changes State or the Information Delivery is accepted by the Appointing Party
- Before the Information Delivery is accepted, Information is owned by the Delivery Team
- If the Information Container is produced by Appointed Party, before the acceptance by the Lead Appointed Party, the Information is owned by the Appointed Party. After the acceptance, it is owned by the Lead Appointed Party
- After the Information Delivery is accepted, Information is owned by the Appointing Party
- Information Management
- To manage the process to ensure the required information is delivered correctly, on time, and up to the agreed standards
- Information Management includes:
- Clearly specify the information requirements
- Select the right delivery team to produce and deliver
- Satisfy with delivery team’s BIM Execution Plan before appointment to ensure they are capable to delivery with capacity to take up the job
- Brief the task team to follow with the confirmed BIM Execution Plan in producing their deliverables
沒有留言:
發佈留言
任何人若留有政治言論，個別使用者將會被隔離這個網誌，留言系統或將會被限制，甚至關閉