【低壓電容補償櫃】低壓電容補償櫃測試（T&C of LV Capacitor Bank）- 出廠驗收測試（FAT）

一般來說，低壓電容補償櫃由櫃殼/櫃體、匯流排、斷路器、隔離開關，繼電器、接觸器、電容器、電抗器、一/二次導線、端子排、功率因數自動補償控制裝置、盤面儀表等組成。

電容器補償櫃的作用

電容補償櫃的作用是提高負載功率因數，降低無功功率，提高供電設備的效率；電容櫃是否正常工作可通過功率因數表的讀數判斷（可獨立於櫃面，或者可在功率補償控制器上查看），功率因數一般要求在0.9。

基本元件及其結構

出廠驗收測試（FAT）的主要步驟

1. Visual check (外觀及內部元件檢查)

   Purpose of Test: To check the general construction of the capacitor bank.

   Procedure:

(1) Record the capacitor bank model, serial number and parameters on the attached test form.

(2) Visual inspection for the following items:

• General appearance inspection.
• Colour of FBA in accordance with the drawing.
• The layout of all circuits is in accordance with the drawing.
• Dimension, clearance and creepage of busbars and risers.
• Tightness of all screws, bolts and nuts by random check.
• Complete earthing system.
• All Main Switches, Fuse Carriers and Controllers operate correctly and freely by hand.
• Mains cables are phase coloured correctly.
• Control wirings and ferrules are connected correctly.
• Capacitor Controllers, Static Switches, Detuned Reactors, Capacitors model, connection and location in accordance with the drawing.
• Label for circuit identification.
• Capacitor Bank Cleaning.
• Check the controller setting.

        (3) Record the result on the test form.

2. Insulation Resistance Test for Main Switchgear & Busbar Chamber / Megger Test (絕緣電阻測試)

   Purpose of Test: To check the insulation of the main switchgear & busbar chamber.

   Procedure:

(1) Check the busbars under test are connected correctly in accordance with the drawing.

(2) Turn off the main switch and all control fuses shall be withdrawed.

(3) Connect the 1000V direct current insulation tester to phase L1 and earth. After each test discharge and earth busbars before disconnection. Check the insulation resistance and record on the approved test form.

(4) Repeat this test on phase to phase, phase to neutral and neutral to earth. The insulation resistance should not be less than 1 MΩ.

(5) Record the result on the test form.

3. Capacitor Bank Charging & Discharging Test and Auto Mode Simulation Test (電容器充放電測試及功率補償控制器自動控制測試)

   Purpose of Test: To check if the capacitor bank charging and discharging normally.

   Procedure:

Manual mode test of the capacitor step switch in/ Out by pressing the “<>” button at the power factor regular

(1) Close the fuse holders feeding the first stage capacitor & provide the minimum current for the P.F. controller.

(2) Press the “<>” button, the first stage capacitor step will switch in instantaneously and the corresponding step indicator in the PFR will come on

(3) Measure the capacitor terminal voltage and current and record the result on the test form

(4) Press the “<>” button, the first stage capacitor step will switch out instantaneously and the corresponding step indicator in the PFR will go out

(5) Open the first stage fuse holder feeding the switched capacitor step, 60 seconds then measure the discharged capacitor terminal voltage and enter the data into the test form

(6) Press “+” or “-“ button to repeat the above procedure for the remaining stage until all stages are tested ( Remark : only one set can be tested at a time.)

Auto mode simulation test of the capacitor step switch In / Out for Power Factor Regulator only

(7) Inject current to Power Factor Regulator to simulate the power factor value, for example, input a current to make the P.F. as 0.89 (any value smaller than 0.90 ) inductive load and the set target P.F. to 0.90 inductive load, the regulator will auto switch in the step of capacitor bank from step 1 to step 6 to make the target P.F. and then change the current flow direction to simulate the over compensation of P.F. and the P.F. will be changed to 0.89 capacitive load from inductive load, and the capacitor bank will be switch out from step 1 to step 6. 

(8) The simulation test of auto mode is completed and record result on the test form

4. Ventilation Fan Function Test (散熱風扇功能測試)

   Purpose of Test: To check the function of the ventilation fan.

   Procedure:

(1) Turn the ventilation fan mode selector into Manual position, the ventilation fan will be turn on permanently.

(2) Turn the Ventilation Fan mode selector into OFF position, the ventilation fan will be turn off permanently.

(3) Turn the ventilation fan mode selector into Auto mode, the ventilation fan will be controlled by the thermostat controller.

(4) Record the result on the test form.

【低壓制櫃設計】低壓制櫃的測試（T&C of LV Switchboard 2 of 2）- 出廠驗收測試（FAT）和現場驗收測試（SAT）（Part 7）

在前一篇，我們介紹了低壓制櫃的FAT和SAT測試中Function Test 功能測試（TP5），以及ATS的Test （TP9）。見鏈接：

【低壓制櫃設計】低壓制櫃的測試（T&C of LV Switchboard 2 of 2）- 出廠驗收測試（FAT）和現場驗收測試（SAT）（Part 6）

今天，我們介紹一下FAT中的Temperature Rise Limits Test（TP10）溫升極限測試。

Temperature Rise Limits Test 溫升極限試驗是用以測試和確定在額定負載下掣櫃和组件的溫升是否超出標準的極限。一般只在FAT中進行。

在測試中，為確保測試的結果不會受到測試場地的環境因素影響，應在測試階段會使用兩支溫度計在掣櫃的一半高度和相距掣櫃1米外的位置量度室内溫度（ambient air temperature）。

進行溫升極限試驗時，掣櫃的總開關、總匯流排、每一個線路和配電匯流排都應接上其額定容量值的负载。所有電路的额定電流總和，如高於總開關或總匯流排的额定载流量；必須将各個電路组成不同的組合，務求總開關、總匯流排和每個電路都能在滿载下進行測試。當然這是最理想的情況，但常常因為時間的限制，降低測試的次數，而可以免去一些支路匯流排的測試，只對總/主匯流排進行溫升測試。

測試項目：Temperature Rise Limits Test 溫升極限測試

測試目的：

                  To check the temperature rise limit when the circuits are loaded 

測試儀器：  

                  (i) 10 kVA single phase variable transformer

                  (ii) 10 kVA single phase current transformer

                  (iii) 5A secondary current transformer

                  (iv) Thermocouples

                  (v) Temperature loggers

測試步驟：

(1) Arrangement of Test Panel

Check that the arrangement of the L.V Switchboard under test is correct and record all necessary information on the approved test form.

(2) Test Connections

Test connections are fitted to each loaded circuits and short circuited at their remote end from the switchboard with the dimension of test conductors.

Test current for the test is provided via 3 current transformers (1 per phase). These current transformers are connected to three individually variable voltage supplies, one per phase, for the provision of adjustment of the injected current independently. The typical connection method is shown in the figure of this section.

(3) Current Measurement

All outgoing circuits are equipped with one CT for each phase. Each of these CT's is then connected to an ammeter for current measurement. This arrangement facilitates regular monitoring of the intake current and distribution of the current to each test circuit.

(4) Temperature Measurement

Temperatures are measured using thermocouples and temperature loggers.

Thermocouples are adhered to the busbar surface by flame retardant tape at points of particular interest, where high temperatures are likely to be experienced. Details of the positions of thermo-couples are marked on the L.V Switchboard layout drawing.

Ambient temperature is measured from the average of two thermo-couples adhered to both sides of the switchboard at least 1 metre apart from each other and approximately 1.2 metres above the ground.

The locations of the thermocouples are shown on the temperature-rise test drawing. （Test points的數量及位置在測試需要經過業主/工程師審批，一般沿著主bar會儘量在不同節點設置Test points）

(5) Duration of Test

Current is applied until temperature rise approaches the steady state, i.e. rising at not more than 1°C per hour, as stipulated by clause 10.10.2.3.1 of BS EN 61439-1:2011. During this period, slight mains voltage variations and increasing impedance of the test piece necessitate an occasional adjustment to the applied voltage. Temperatures are measured at hourly intervals throughout the test.（Temperature loggers會自動記錄並保存溫度數據）

(6) Test Result

The temperatures measured in each hour are recorded on the client-approved test form. The temperature rise shall not exceed the values as stipulated in Table 6 of BS EN 61439-1:2011.

測試報告：（Test report is initialled by FED-SUPREMETECH LIMITED）

【低壓制櫃設計】低壓制櫃的測試（T&C of LV Switchboard 2 of 2）- 出廠驗收測試（FAT）和現場驗收測試（SAT）（Part 6）

在前一篇，我們介紹了低壓制櫃的FAT和SAT測試中低壓制櫃的Secondary Injection Test 次級注入測試。見鏈接：

【低壓制櫃設計】低壓制櫃的測試（T&C of LV Switchboard 2 of 2）- 出廠驗收測試（FAT）和現場驗收測試（SAT）（Part 5）

今天，我們介紹一下FAT和SAT中的Function Test 功能測試（TP5），以及ATS的Test （TP9）。

【低壓制櫃設計】低壓制櫃的測試（T&C of LV Switchboard 2 of 2）- 出廠驗收測試（FAT）和現場驗收測試（SAT）（Part 5）

在前一篇，我們介紹了低壓制櫃的FAT和SAT測試中低壓制櫃的Primary Injection Test 初級注入測試。見鏈接：

【低壓制櫃設計】低壓制櫃的測試（T&C of LV Switchboard 2 of 2）- 出廠驗收測試（FAT）和現場驗收測試（SAT）（Part 4）

今天，我們介紹一下FAT和SAT中的Secondary Injection Test 次級注入測試（TP4），次級注入測試的目的是驗證保護繼電器（Protection relay）的準確性。

由於市面上仍比較常見傳統形式的保護繼電器（碟式）繼電器，相比於數字型的保護繼電器，碟式保護繼電器的游絲在運輸途中比較容易受到震蕩而損壞或者出現誤差，因此一般都會在地盤測試時再次進行保護繼電器的測試，因此在SAT和FAT都會進行次級注入測試。

【低壓制櫃設計】低壓制櫃的測試（T&C of LV Switchboard 2 of 2）- 出廠驗收測試（FAT）和現場驗收測試（SAT）（Part 4）

在前一篇，我們介紹了低壓制櫃的FAT和SAT測試中低壓制櫃的Dielectric & Insulation Test 絕緣強度及絕緣電阻測試。見鏈接：

【低壓制櫃設計】低壓制櫃的測試（T&C of LV Switchboard 2 of 2）- 出廠驗收測試（FAT）和現場驗收測試（SAT）（Part 3）

今天，我們介紹一下FAT和SAT中的Primary Injection Test 初級注入測試（TP3），由於初級注入測試是驗證C.T.的屬性，一般會包括另一項測試Polarity Test for C.T.極性測試（TP7）。

【低壓制櫃設計】低壓制櫃的測試（T&C of LV Switchboard 2 of 2）- 出廠驗收測試（FAT）和現場驗收測試（SAT）（Part 3）

在前一篇，我們介紹了低壓制櫃的FAT和SAT測試中低壓制櫃的有關測試儀器。見鏈接：

【低壓制櫃設計】低壓制櫃的測試（T&C of LV Switchboard 2 of 2）- 出廠驗收測試（FAT）和現場驗收測試（SAT）（Part 2）

從這一篇開始，我們逐一介紹一下FAT和SAT中每項的測試（TP2 - TP10）具體步驟以及需要注意的内容。

【低壓制櫃設計】低壓制櫃的測試（T&C of LV Switchboard 2 of 2）- 出廠驗收測試（FAT）和現場驗收測試（SAT）（Part 2）

在上一篇，我們介紹低壓制櫃的FAT和SAT測試中低壓制櫃的Visual Inspection（目視檢查）。見鏈接：

【低壓制櫃設計】低壓制櫃的測試（T&C of LV Switchboard 2 of 2）- 出廠驗收測試（FAT）和現場驗收測試（SAT）（Part 1）

這一篇，我們介紹一下FAT和SAT中有關的測試儀器儀表以及驗證測量儀器的精度的方式。

關於Verification of Measuring Instrument Accuracy（驗證測量儀器的精度）

測量儀器的精準度影響到整個測試的數據結果，常見的測試儀器以及驗證校準方式/儀器（calibrator）有：

Multimeter 

(Model: Fluke 77-III for reference only)

Multimeter可用廠家提供的校準儀器來校準，例如：

 (Model: Fluke Calibrator 5500A  for reference only)

Megger Tester可用普通的固定阻值的額定電阻（Standard Resistor）來校準，一般會測試多幾隻電阻來對其校準。

【低壓制櫃設計】低壓制櫃的測試（T&C of LV Switchboard 2 of 2）- 出廠驗收測試（FAT）和現場驗收測試（SAT）（Part 1）

在上一篇，我們介紹了低壓制櫃本身的產品在設計上、製造工藝上需要通過ASTA驗證測試。鏈接：

【低壓制櫃設計】低壓制櫃的測試（T&C of LV Switchboard 1 of 2）- ASTA驗證測試

這一篇，我們重點介紹一下在出廠前，低壓制櫃需要進行的出廠驗收測試（Factory Acceptable Test，FAT）以及運抵工地並完成組裝後，低壓制櫃需要進行的工地現場驗收測試（Site Acceptable Test，SAT）。這一系列的測試中，有些項目是需要在兩地都要進行的，有些項目一般只會在一地進行一次測試即可。而測試的內容，一般是根據顧問公司在招標是訂立的技術標準的要求進行。

【低壓制櫃設計】低壓制櫃的測試（T&C of LV Switchboard 1 of 2）- ASTA驗證測試

低壓制櫃的測試可以分為三種， 低壓配電櫃本身的產品在設計上、製造工藝上需要通過ASTA驗證測試；出廠前，低壓制櫃需要進行出廠驗收測試（Factory Acceptable Test，FAT）；運抵工地並完成組裝後，低壓制櫃需要進行工地現場驗收測試（Site Acceptable Test，SAT）。