Structured cabling system
- Network cabling is the foundation to support a high-availability data centre, IT equipment and its applications
- Proven products and contractors are crucial for the proper design, installations works and maintenance of a cabling infrastructure; it will reduce downtime and improve
- Operational efficiency
- Manageability
- Reliability
- Availability
ICT網絡是數據中心設施建設的最終目的,而network cabling system是所有ICT設備的基礎。其產品質量和設計好壞直接決定了數據中心的可用性。
數據中心使用的產品和新技術最好定期進行跟蹤和記錄。對於服務及產品承包商也應該有類似行業能力和服務質量的記錄。(白名單和黑名單)
因此,正確的設計、安裝網絡布線可以減少數據中心當機時間,提高運行和管理效率、提升數據中心的可靠性和可用性。
Consider the following in planning the cabling infrastructure of the data centre:
- Structured cabling (更昂貴,一次到位)vs On-demand cabling(逐步增加)
- Current requirements/ future growth
- Which media (fibre, Cat6, Cat6A etc.)
- Apparatus (i.e. type of patch panels etc.)
- ANSI/TIA-942 data centre standard cabling requirements
- Brand name preference/ global specification / global pricing
Structured cabling
- Reduce the risk of downtime
- Easy re-patching
- Easy fault finding
- Better cooling
- Standardized length - easy stock
Copper cables
- Unshielded / Shielded
- Solid cables
- Less insertion loss
- Best used for permanent links
- Length maximum 90 metres
- Flexible / Stranded cables (patch cords)
- Flexible
- Higher losses
- Best used for patch panel / short distances
- Maximum length < 10 metres
- Total channel (Solid + Flexible) = 100m
- Cat 5E = 100 Mb/s, 1 Gb/s
- Cat 6 = 1 Gb/s or Cat 6A = 10 Gb/s
- Cat 7 or 7A = 10 Gb/s (Non-RJ45)
- Cat 8 = 40 Gb/s (2 GHz, 30 metres, shielded cabling, 2 connections channel ONLY, designed with data centre focus)
Copper termination / patch panels
- Structured cabling patch panels terminate cable links
- Flat panel
- Angled panel
- Use the correct patch cables (RJ45)
- Patch cable should always be the same or class higher than structured cable
- Match shielded or unshielded twisted pair types
- No on-site termination
Fibre cables
- Not prone to EMF
- Distance longer than copper
- Lightweight and smaller than copper
- 62.5/125 pm and 50/125 pm (multi-mode)
- 8.3/125 pm (single-mode)
- The first number represents the diameter of the core
- The second number represents the size of the cladding
- Both values are in microns
- The actual diameter for a fibre 'cable' is much bigger because of protection over the cladding
光纖有很多優點,由於它們不容易受到電磁場的影響,幾乎可以安裝在任何地方,甚至電源附近。與銅電線相比,光纖材料重量輕,同時又佈置很遠的距離。
光纜的尺寸用兩個數字表示。第一個數字(在斜線之前),是內核的直徑,第二個數字(在斜線之後)代表外層的直徑。
Single-mode vs Multi-mode
- Single-mode
- Laser light source
- Longer distance (several km)
- Used in infinit band, carrier circuits, campus environment and other specialized applications
- Standards: ITU G.652; OS1, OS2
- Multi-mode
- LED (100 Mb/s, 1 Gb/s), Laser light source (10 Gb/s and above)
- More expensive than single-mode but the equipment itself is cheaper
- Standards: ISO 11801; OM1, OM2 for speed up to 1Gbps, OM3 and OM4 for 10Gbps and up
Single-mode光纖使用激光,但缺點是通常只有一個頻率。因此,一般可以跨越超長的距離,達到幾公里。
Multi-mode光纖的纖芯直徑比Single-mode光纖大得多,通常為50-100微米。它允許更多的光源(不需要非常精確),因此,平均成本較低,可適用於短距離傳輸且高達1 Gbps的速度。
ISO 11801標準分類了OM1, OM2, OM3和OM4。OM3和OM4進一步定義了光纖的帶寬,EMB(Effective Modal bandwidth) ),單位是MHz/Km。 如下圖所示:
對於數據中心,數據傳輸的最大的平均距離大概是幾百米,所以大多使用Multi-mode光纖。Single-mode光纖在電信/電訊等長距離傳輸中有更多的應用,反而在數據中心很少使用。Fibre terminations/patch panels
- SC largely replaced by:
- LC or mini LC
- MPO now used for 40 Gb/s and higher speed links
- Handle fibre with care, ensure connectors are always cleaned before mating
- Don't exceed the bend radius for the cable
使用光纖連接器接駁時需要光纖表面的清潔,因此,要確保在接駁前進行清潔,以防止接駁後出現性能問題。
由於會影響到內部光線的反射角度,線纜的彎曲半徑對光纖影響很大,因此在安裝時要注意光線線纜的彎曲半徑要求。
TIA-942 network cable / Rating levels illustration
- 在Rated I中,不需要冗余組件,比較簡單。
- 在Rated II中,需要至少兩個獨立的路由的進線,不同路由進線至少有20米的間隔。
- 在Rated III中,需要至少兩個獨立的主進線房,它們之間應至少相隔20米,兩間房需要處於獨立的防火分區。
- 在Rated IV中,需要至少兩個獨立的配線房,這提供額外的冗余,但代價是路由變得異常覆雜,難於管理。。
以上網絡進線的冗余配置非常類似電力系統的Rated 1/2/3/4的配置,由主線後備,配線後備,一直到線路提供設備前的末端切換,可以類比學習。
沒有留言:
發佈留言
任何人若留有政治言論,個別使用者將會被隔離這個網誌,留言系統或將會被限制,甚至關閉