【數據中心設計】CDCP 學習筆記 - 數據中心 (Part 8) - Data Centre Design - Equipment Racks

機櫃的種類和標準 Type of racks and standards

• Various standards available
• - ANSI/EIA RS-310-D, IEC 297-2
• - DIN 41494
• - IEC 60297
• Most data centres use 19-inch racks
• - Typical height: 42U (~1867mm)
• - Some data centres use up to 52U (~2312mm)
• A potential issue for cooling due to (extreme) height
• The height of the electronic modules is standardized as multiples of 1.75 inches (44.45 mm) or one rack unit or U (less commonly called RU)

機櫃的寬度和深度 Width and depth of racks

• 19-inch racks have an outside dimension of 600 mm (24 inches) in width matching the traditional computer room raised floor tiles
• Various depths are available (600, 800, 1000, 1100, 1200 mm ~ 40/41/42/48/49 inch)
• Deeper racks can accommodate the larger types of equipment, but it will reduce the number of racks per sqm
• 在機房內可以使用不同的深度，以最大限度地利用面積，同一機房使用同一尺寸的機櫃利用率最高。
• Width of racks - 24-inch racks have an outside dimension of 800 mm (~ 2.62 ft / 31.5 inches) in width

Glass door racks

• limited cooling capacity
• Cold air must be directed directly into the rack itself
• Cooling capacity is typically limited by the CFM/CMH of the fan assembly in
• the top of the rack 
• back door ventilation is often very limited

Perforated / Grated door racks

• with a door surface opening between 20 - 45%
• good cooling capacity (up to 5 kW)
• the security risk for big openings on doors （但可忽略，畢竟機櫃仍有機房安保系統保護）

Mesh door racks

• 60 - 85% surface opening 
• excellent cooling capacity  (up to 15 kW)
• A better option from a cooling perspective

Base of the rack —— Castors / Feet

Color of the rack —— typically black or white（白色最為理想，能產生較高反射，提升機櫃底部光度，但現實最常用的為黑色，可能arch覺得具備科技感）

Security —— locked both front and back doors

• Key lock —— difficult in key management
• Electronic / mechanical security code
• Access card 
• Biometrics

Power Rails / Strips

• a variety of functional power rails/strips（單相插座 / 三相插座 / 單相+三相插座）
• Standard socket outlets
• Individually fused outlets with on/off indicators（保護性更高）
• with Power meter （可選）
• Remote monitoring and control（可配合DCIM - Data Center Infrastructure Management System 對插座電流/電壓/功率等數據進行監控）